Why It Happens and How to Treat It
Knee pain
The knee is one of the most complex and heavily used joints in the human body. It endures constant stress during everyday movements like walking, running, climbing stairs, or even standing for long periods. Because of its intricate structure and the significant load it carries, the knee is particularly prone to injury.
Knee pain can appear suddenly — often as a result of trauma — or develop gradually due to overuse, degenerative changes, or underlying chronic conditions.
Common Causes of Knee Pain
Bursitis
Bursitis is the inflammation of small fluid-filled sacs called bursae, which act as cushions between bones and soft tissues within the joints. In the knee, the most commonly affected bursae are the suprapatellar, infrapatellar, prepatellar, and retropatellar bursae.
Prepatellar bursitis is particularly frequent and is often referred to as “housemaid’s knee” due to its association with prolonged kneeling. It’s also common in sports that involve frequent contact with the ground, such as volleyball, handball, and goalkeeping in football.
The most common symptoms include pain and tenderness at the front of the knee, swelling above or below the kneecap, redness, warmth around the patella, limited range of motion, and discomfort when kneeling or applying pressure to the front of the knee.
These issues are typically triggered by repetitive kneeling, direct trauma, or, in some cases, infection.
Ligament injuries
Ligaments are strong bands of connective tissue that link one bone to another, providing stability and helping to control the range of motion in a joint by preventing excessive or abnormal movements.
Injuries typically occur when a ligament is overstretched or partially to completely torn. This often results from sudden movements, rapid changes in direction, or direct impact to the knee. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, a sense of instability, and reduced joint mobility.
Ligament damage can range from mild stretching to a full rupture. While most knee ligament injuries can be managed without surgery, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears usually require surgical repair followed by a rehabilitation period lasting 6 to 9 months.
Meniscus injuries
The menisci are soft cartilage structures in the knee that support smooth joint movement and contribute to the nourishment of surrounding tissues.
Meniscus injuries most commonly occur when the lower leg twists while the foot remains planted—frequent in sports that involve sudden changes in direction.
Typical symptoms include pain and swelling, a sensation of the knee “floating,” and, in cases where a portion of the meniscus becomes caught in the joint space, a locked knee.
Diagnosis is made through a clinical exam using highly specific and reliable physical tests.
Mild meniscus injuries are usually treated non-surgically with early physical therapy, cryotherapy, compression bandaging, anti-inflammatory medication, and quadriceps-strengthening exercises.
Becker’s cyst
A Baker’s, or popliteal, cyst is caused by an increased production of synovial fluid, which collects in the area behind the knee.
It is most commonly associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis, meniscal injury, or rheumatoid arthritis. In some cases, it may be congenital—found in approximately 17% of the population—and is classified as either “true” or “false” depending on whether it communicates with the knee joint capsule.
Typical symptoms include swelling in the popliteal area, sharp pain, fluid buildup, a sensation of grinding, and restricted knee movement. These symptoms often become more pronounced after physical activity or extended periods of standing.
Complications may include rupture of the cyst, which can cause sudden pain and swelling in the calf. In such cases, it can be difficult to differentiate a ruptured cyst from deep vein thrombosis, making further diagnostic testing necessary.
Diagnosis is made through physical examination and confirmed by ultrasound imaging.
Treatment may include physical therapy, medication, puncture, and sometimes surgical removal.
Knee Osteoarthritis
Gonarthrosis, or knee osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint condition marked by the progressive breakdown and loss of cartilage in the knee. It is most commonly caused by long-term wear and tear and can have a significant impact on quality of life.
Although osteoarthritis is most prevalent in older adults, it can also develop in younger individuals following injury or joint inflammation. Additional risk factors include obesity and certain genetic predispositions.
Symptoms include pain, stiffness, reduced mobility, and a creaking or grinding sensation in the knee. These symptoms are often linked to cartilage damage between the kneecap and the femur.
Initial treatment is typically conservative and may involve physical therapy, medication, and weight management. In more advanced cases, surgical options such as knee replacement may be necessary.
While there is currently no cure, appropriate treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of joint degeneration.
Swollen Knee
Swelling in the knee, medically known as joint effusion, is a common condition with various underlying causes.
The most frequent include injuries such as ligament sprains or meniscal tears, as well as arthritis—both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis—and infections.
Symptoms typically involve swelling, stiffness, pain, and a sensation of heaviness in the knee, often worsening with activity.
Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, imaging studies, and, when necessary, aspiration of joint fluid.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve physical therapy, cryotherapy, pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications, or, in some cases, joint aspiration or surgical intervention.
How Do We Treat Knee Pain?
At Dr. Rodić’s clinic, everything is centered around achieving the best possible outcome for each patient. We provide comprehensive care with full attention, a personalized approach, and complete services — from diagnosis and treatment to recovery and follow-up. Whether you’re dealing with an injury, chronic pain, or require rehabilitation, you can access everything you need in one place, saving both time and money.
Examination
A comprehensive approach, decades of experience, and top-level expertise ensure that every examination at our clinic leads to an accurate diagnosis — the essential foundation for effective treatment and recovery.
Non-Surgical Solutions
Thanks to advanced technology, specialized treatments, and highly trained staff, we successfully avoid surgery in up to 80% of cases — while achieving equal or even better results.
Faster Recovery
Our treatment methods reduce recovery time by up to 30%, helping you return to your daily activities and a pain-free life more quickly.
Hear From Our Patients
Precise Diagnosis Is the Key to Effective Treatment
The first and most important step to pain relief, effective treatment, and a fast recovery is making an accurate diagnosis. Therapy only follows once the exact cause of your condition has been identified. Early and precise detection allows for timely intervention, speeding up recovery and helping prevent complications such as chronic pain or long-term disability.
At our clinic, every patient is examined by Dr. Goran Rodić—a widely recognized expert with decades of experience and exceptional expertise in ultrasound diagnostics.
Through a detailed review of your medical history, physical examination, and imaging, we ensure that no detail is missed. This approach allows us to deliver a fast and accurate diagnosis as the foundation for targeted therapy and optimal results.
In most cases, the entire diagnostic process is completed within our clinic, eliminating the need for additional tests—saving you both time and cost.
Our Diagnostic Process
Meet Dr. Rodić
Dr. Goran Rodić is a renowned international expert with over 30 years of experience in physical medicine and rehabilitation.
He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Belgrade in 1983 and completed his specialization in physical medicine and rehabilitation in 1988.
At the age of 30, he became the head of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the Clinical Center of Serbia—the youngest person ever to hold that position in the institution’s history.
He spent 11 years with FK Partizan as the club’s first full-time physician since its founding. As a sports medicine specialist, he worked with football clubs in China and Saudi Arabia, and during his time in Saudi Arabia, he provided medical care to members of the royal family.
For over 20 years, he has served as the physician for the National Theatre in Belgrade. He also spent eight years working with the Terazije Theatre and six years as the doctor for the national ensemble “Kolo.”
Through decades of training and specialized work in clinics, institutions, and sports organizations both in Serbia and abroad, he has developed exceptional expertise in diagnosing and treating injuries of the locomotor system, as well as conditions related to rheumatologic and degenerative processes affecting joints, joint capsules, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and the meniscus.
He is one of the pioneers of ultrasound physiatric diagnostics in Serbia and is recognized as a leading authority in this field
Personalized Treatment Plan for Optimal Results
Once an accurate diagnosis is made, we develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to your condition, needs, and goals. The focus is on restoring function, reducing pain, and addressing the root cause—whether it’s an injury, a chronic condition, or post-surgical recovery.
Depending on the diagnosis and clinical findings, your treatment plan may include manual therapy, therapeutic exercises, physical modalities (such as ultrasound, electrotherapy, or laser therapy), and other specialized techniques.
Our goal is to achieve the best possible results in the shortest amount of time, using the most effective and comfortable approach. Thanks to our decades of experience, advanced technology, and complete dedication to every patient, we are able to avoid surgery in up to 80% of cases—while achieving the same or even better outcomes. At the same time, we reduce the need for medication and help you recover faster. In fact, our patients tend to recover up to 30% faster than average.
We apply a wide range of therapeutic modalities that are an essential part of comprehensive physiatric care.
Therapies We Offer
Magnetic Therapy
Magnetic therapy is a physiotherapy method that uses static or pulsed magnetic fields to treat a wide range of musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. Its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects are especially helpful in managing conditions such as osteoarthritis, tendinitis, and muscle spasms.
Magnetic therapy supports the body’s natural healing processes and aids in the repair of damaged tissue, particularly in sports injuries and postoperative rehabilitation. By improving circulation in the affected area, it enhances the delivery of oxygen and nutrients essential for tissue regeneration. In addition, magnetic fields help strengthen muscles, improve coordination, and support better nerve conduction.
We apply various magnetotherapy techniques, including static magnets embedded in braces and bandages, PEMF (pulsed electromagnetic field) devices, and full-body magnetotherapy systems.
Read more about Magnetic therapy
Laser Therapy
Laser therapy is a highly effective physiotherapy treatment that helps relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and accelerate tissue healing. It uses monochromatic, coherent light precisely directed at the affected area. The energy is absorbed by the cells, triggering biological processes that support healing and tissue regeneration.
One of the key advantages of laser therapy is its ability to penetrate deep into tissue and directly influence cellular activity. It promotes the release of endorphins, improves circulation, and enhances the production of ATP—the primary source of energy for cells.
Laser therapy is effective in treating a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions, including osteoarthritis, tendinopathies (such as tennis elbow and Achilles tendinopathy), muscle strains and sprains, neuropathic pain (including sciatica and neuropathy), as well as promoting wound healing and reducing scarring.
At Dr. Rodić’s clinic, we use advanced laser technology that allows us to tailor every treatment to the specific needs of each individual patient.
Read more about Laser Therapy
Ultrasound Therapy
Ultrasound therapy is a widely used method in physiotherapy that offers a range of benefits for patients seeking pain relief, reduced inflammation, and faster tissue healing.
The thermal effects of ultrasound waves improve circulation and help relax muscle spasms, providing effective relief from pain and discomfort. The deep heat generated by ultrasound loosens tight muscles and improves flexibility and mobility, making it especially helpful for conditions such as frozen shoulder, joint stiffness, and muscle contractures.
In addition to its thermal effects, ultrasound therapy also has anti-inflammatory properties that reduce swelling and inflammation. This makes it particularly useful in treating conditions like tendinitis, bursitis, and arthritis.
Both the mechanical and thermal effects of ultrasound promote the healing of damaged muscles, tendons, and ligaments by stimulating the formation of new blood vessels and enhancing collagen production. Improved circulation brings more oxygen and nutrients to the affected area, which supports tissue regeneration and helps shorten recovery time.
We use ultrasound therapy to treat a variety of musculoskeletal conditions, including sprains, strains, tendinitis, bursitis, arthritis, and to break down scar tissue or support the healing of surgical wounds. It is often combined with manual therapies and therapeutic exercises to achieve the best possible results.
Explore the Benefits of Ultrasound Therapy
Electrotherapy
Electrotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods in physiotherapy. It uses electrical currents to stimulate nerves, muscles, and tissues throughout the body. This method is applied in the treatment of a wide range of conditions affecting the locomotor system, including chronic pain, neurological disorders, and muscle spasms. It also plays an important role in rehabilitation after stroke, spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and spinal trauma, as well as in treating muscle weakness, atrophy, and wound healing.
Types of Electrotherapy We Use:
TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)
Delivers low-intensity electrical currents to stimulate nerves and reduce pain.
EMS (Electrical Muscle Stimulation)
Delivers controlled impulses to the muscles, triggering contractions that strengthen muscles and enhance circulation.
IFC (Interferential Current Therapy)
Applies multiple intersecting currents to create a therapeutic, low-frequency signal deep within the body, helping reduce pain and relax muscles.
Galvanic Stimulation
Uses continuous direct current to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and support tissue regeneration.
HVES (High-Voltage Electrical Stimulation)
Delivers short bursts of high-voltage current that stimulate muscle contractions and improve blood flow and tissue oxygenation.
One of the key advantages of electrotherapy is that it is a non-invasive, drug-free method of managing pain and improving muscle function. It can speed up recovery and, in some cases, help patients avoid or postpone surgery.
Discover How Electrotherapy Can Help
Kinesitherapy
Kinesitherapy is one of the most commonly used physical therapy methods. It involves therapeutic exercises and guided movement aimed at improving muscle strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Each treatment plan is tailored to the individual needs of the patient and can be used to treat various musculoskeletal conditions, chronic pain, and neurological disorders.
It is especially recommended for patients recovering after surgery, as it helps restore movement and reduce the risk of complications such as thrombosis, respiratory infections, contractures, and general physical deconditioning.
After certain illnesses, surgeries, or injuries, muscle strength often weakens and joint mobility decreases. In these cases, patients may experience pain and be unable to move the joint through its full range.
Kinesitherapy is also effective in cases of back pain, joint pain, limited mobility following trauma, or posture-related issues, as well as other musculoskeletal disorders.
Read More About Kinesitherapy
Therapeutic Massage
Therapeutic massage is an essential part of physiotherapy treatment plans, especially for patients recovering from injuries or dealing with chronic pain. Its main goal is to help restore or improve overall physical function.
Massage helps relieve pain by reducing muscle tension, improving circulation, and stimulating the release of endorphins. It also enhances joint mobility and muscle flexibility, reduces inflammation, helps flush out lactic acid and other metabolic waste, and promotes the body’s natural healing processes.
Physiotherapists apply various massage techniques, including Swedish massage, deep tissue massage, trigger point therapy, myofascial release, and sports massage. These are often combined with other physiotherapy methods such as therapeutic exercises, electrotherapy, ultrasound, or joint mobilization for optimal results.
Therapeutic massage is a valuable, non-invasive, and effective way to reduce pain, restore function, and support overall well-being.
Phototherapy
Phototherapy, or light therapy, is an innovative physiotherapy method that uses specific wavelengths of light to accelerate tissue healing, reduce pain and inflammation, and enhance overall rehabilitation outcomes.
It is especially effective for relieving pain in conditions such as osteoarthritis, tendinitis, and neuropathic pain. Phototherapy reduces inflammation by blocking inflammatory mediators, supports tissue regeneration by stimulating ATP and collagen production, and increases circulation—delivering more oxygen and nutrients to the treated area.
There are various types of phototherapy. For example, LLLT (low-level laser therapy) uses low-intensity light to activate cellular processes and stimulate tissue repair. MIRE therapy uses infrared light to boost circulation and promote deeper healing. Ultraviolet therapies, such as UVB and PUVA, are commonly used for skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema
Phototherapy is a completely non-invasive, safe, and effective alternative to medication and invasive procedures. It is used to treat musculoskeletal injuries, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, wound healing, and skin conditions. The decision to include phototherapy in your treatment plan is made in consultation with a qualified physical therapist. It is often combined with other therapies to improve outcomes and speed up recovery.
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Joint Puncture
Joint puncture, or arthrocentesis, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into a joint to remove fluid (aspiration) or inject medication. It is used both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
This procedure may be indicated to determine the cause of joint effusion (e.g., infection), assess the condition of the joint structures (e.g., meniscus or cartilage damage), relieve swelling and pain by removing excess fluid, or to administer medication such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, or pain relievers directly into the joint.
The procedure begins with cleaning and disinfecting the skin. A long, thin needle is then carefully inserted into the joint space, and either fluid is withdrawn with a syringe or medication is injected. Commonly treated joints include the shoulder (subacromial bursa), hip (trochanteric bursa), elbow (olecranon bursa), and knee.
When performed by an experienced professional, joint puncture is considered a safe procedure. Mild discomfort may occur, such as temporary pain, swelling, or minor bruising.
Joint puncture is effective in reducing inflammation and pain, accelerating recovery, and providing valuable diagnostic insights—especially when other treatment methods are not sufficient.
Read More About Joint Puncture
Relief Begins With the Right Diagnosis
Early and accurate detection of the underlying cause is the first step toward effective treatment and a faster recovery.
